Preface |
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xxvi | |
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PART 1 The Foundations of Western Civilization in the Ancient World 1,000,000 B.C.E.--400 C.E. |
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xxxii | |
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The Birth of Civilization |
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4 | (34) |
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Early Humans and Their Culture |
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6 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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The Bronze Age and the Birth of Civilization |
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8 | (1) |
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Early Civilizations to about 1000 B.C.E. |
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9 | (3) |
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Mesopotamian Civilization |
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9 | (3) |
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A Closer Look: The Royal Standard of Ur |
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12 | (4) |
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Encountering the Past: Divination in Ancient Mesopotamia |
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16 | (8) |
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18 | (6) |
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Ancient Near Eastern Empires |
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24 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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The Second Assyrian Empire |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (4) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Government and Administration |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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The Canaanites and the Phoenicians |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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General Outlook of Mideastern Cultures |
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32 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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Humans and the Gods, Law, and Justice |
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33 | (2) |
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Toward the Greeks and Western Thought |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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The Rise of Greek Civilization |
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38 | (30) |
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The Bronze Age on Crete and on the Mainland to about 1150 B.C.E. |
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40 | (4) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (3) |
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The Greek ``Middle Ages'' to about 750 B.C.E. |
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44 | (3) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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The Importance of the Polis |
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49 | (1) |
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Expansion of the Greek World |
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49 | (3) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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The Tyrants (about 700--500 B.C.E.) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (5) |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (3) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (1) |
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Encountering the Past: Greek Athletics |
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60 | (1) |
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A Closer Look: The Trireme |
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61 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (3) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Classical and Hellenistic Greece |
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68 | (40) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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The First Peloponnesian War: Athens against Sparta |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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Encountering the Past: Going to Court in Athens |
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74 | (6) |
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The Women of Athens: Legal Status and Everyday Life |
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75 | (4) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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The Great Peloponnesian War |
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80 | (3) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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Competition for Leadership in the Fourth Century B.C.E. |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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The Hegemony of Thebes: The Second Athenian Empire |
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84 | (1) |
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The Culture of Classical Greece |
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84 | (6) |
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84 | (5) |
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The Fourth Century B.C.E. |
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89 | (1) |
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Philosophy and the Crisis of the Polis |
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90 | (1) |
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A Closer Look: The Erechtheum: Porch of the Maidens |
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90 | (6) |
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96 | (5) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (4) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (1) |
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Architecture and Sculpture |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Rome: From Republic to Empire |
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108 | (36) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (7) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (3) |
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The Republic's Conquest of the Hellenistic World |
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121 | (1) |
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Civilization in the Early Roman Republic |
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122 | (2) |
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122 | (2) |
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Encountering the Past: Two Roman Festivals: The Saturnalia and Lupercalia |
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124 | (4) |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (1) |
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Roman Imperialism: The Late Republic |
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128 | (7) |
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The Aftermath of Conquest |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (5) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (6) |
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Pompey, Crassus, Caesar, and Cicero |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Julius Caesar and his Government of Rome |
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137 | (3) |
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The Second Triumvirate and the Triumph of Octavian |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (44) |
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146 | (3) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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Civilization of the Ciceronian and Augustan Ages |
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149 | (2) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Imperial Rome, 14 to 180 C.E. |
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151 | (2) |
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151 | (2) |
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A Closer Look: Spoils from Jerusalem on the Arch of Titus in Rome |
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153 | (8) |
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The Administration of the Empire |
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154 | (2) |
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Women of the Upper Classes |
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156 | (2) |
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Life in Imperial Rome: The Apartment House |
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158 | (1) |
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The Culture of the Early Empire |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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Encountering the Past: Chariot Racing |
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162 | (5) |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (1) |
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The Persecution of Christians |
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165 | (2) |
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The Emergence of Catholicism |
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167 | (1) |
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Rome as a Center of the Early Church |
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167 | (1) |
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The Crisis of the Third Century |
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167 | (2) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (8) |
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The Fourth Century and Imperial Reorganization |
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169 | (4) |
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The Triumph of Christianity |
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173 | (4) |
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Arts and Letters in the Late Empire |
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177 | (2) |
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The Preservation of Classical Culture |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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The Problem of the Decline and Fall of the Empire in the West |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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The West & the World: Ancient Warfare |
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182 | (6) |
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PART 2 The Middle Ages 476 C.E.--1300 C.E. |
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188 | (100) |
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Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Creating a New European Society and Culture (476--1000) |
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190 | (36) |
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On the Eve of the Frankish Ascendancy |
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192 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (6) |
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195 | (4) |
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The Spread of Byzantine Christianity |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Islam and the Islamic World |
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200 | (4) |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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The Western Debt to Islam |
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203 | (1) |
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Western Society and the Developing Christian Church |
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204 | (5) |
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204 | (2) |
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The Doctrine of Papal Primacy |
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206 | (1) |
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The Religious Division of Christendom |
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207 | (2) |
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The Kingdom of the Franks From Clovis to Charlemagne |
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209 | (6) |
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209 | (2) |
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The Reign of Charlemagne (768--814) |
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211 | (3) |
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Breakup of the Carolingian Kingdom |
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214 | (1) |
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A Closer Look: A Multicultural Book Cover |
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215 | (4) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Encountering the Past: Medieval Cooking |
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220 | (4) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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Fragmentation and Divided Loyalty |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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The High Middle Ages: The Rise of European Empires and States (1000--1300) |
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226 | (30) |
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Otto I and the Revival of the Empire |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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The Reviving Catholic Church |
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229 | (7) |
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The Cluny Reform Movement |
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229 | (2) |
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The Investiture Struggle: Gregory VII and Henry IV |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (3) |
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A Closer Look: European Embrace of a Black Saint |
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236 | (6) |
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The Pontificate of Innocent III (r. 1198--1216) |
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237 | (5) |
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England and France: Hastings (1066) to Bouvines (1214) |
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242 | (4) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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Eleanor of Aquitaine and Court Culture |
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243 | (2) |
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Popular Rebellion and Magna Carta |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Encountering the Past: Pilgrimages |
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246 | (1) |
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France in the Thirteenth Century: The Reign of Louis IX |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Order and Excellence at Home |
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247 | (1) |
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The Hohenstaufen Empire (1152--1272) |
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248 | (6) |
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248 | (2) |
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Henry VI and the Sicilian Connection |
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250 | (1) |
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Otto IV and the Welf Interregnum |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (2) |
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Romanesque and Gothic Architecture |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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Medieval Society: Hierarchies, Towns, Universities, and Families (1000--1300) |
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256 | (32) |
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The Traditional Order of Life |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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A Closer Look: The Joys and Pains of the Medieval Joust |
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259 | (2) |
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Encountering the Past: Warrior Games |
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261 | (6) |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (5) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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Challenging the Old Lords |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (1) |
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Jews in Christian Society |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (7) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (3) |
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Women in Medieval Society |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (2) |
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Children as ``Little Adults'' |
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281 | (1) |
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Childhood as a Special Stage |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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The West & The World The Invention of Printing in China and Europe |
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284 | (4) |
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PART 3 Europe in Transition 1300--1750 |
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288 | (260) |
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The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300--1453) |
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290 | (26) |
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292 | (4) |
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Preconditions and Causes of the Plague |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (2) |
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Social and Economic Consequences |
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294 | (2) |
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Encountering the Past: Dealing with Death |
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296 | (2) |
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New Conflicts and Opportunities |
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297 | (1) |
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The Hundred Years' War and the Rise of National Sentiment |
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298 | (4) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (3) |
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Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival: The Late Medieval Church |
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302 | (10) |
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The Thirteenth-Century Papacy |
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302 | (2) |
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Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair |
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304 | (2) |
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The Avignon Papacy (1309--1377) |
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306 | (1) |
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John Wycliffe and John Huss |
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307 | (2) |
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The Great Schism (1378--1417) and the Conciliar Movement to 1449 |
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309 | (3) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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A Closer Look: The Delights and Dangers of the Medieval Bath |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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Renaissance and Discovery |
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316 | (36) |
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The Renaissance in Italy (1375--1527) |
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318 | (4) |
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319 | (2) |
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321 | (1) |
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Encountering the Past: The Renaissance Garden |
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322 | (6) |
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327 | (1) |
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A Closer Look: Leonardo Plots the Perfect Man |
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328 | (3) |
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Slavery in the Renaissance |
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330 | (1) |
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Italy's Political Decline: The French Invasions (1494--1527) |
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331 | (4) |
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Charles VIII's March Through Italy |
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332 | (1) |
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Pope Alexander VI and the Borgia Family |
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332 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (2) |
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Revival of Monarchy in Northern Europe |
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335 | (3) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (4) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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Voyages of Discovery and the New Empires in the West and East |
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342 | (8) |
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The Portuguese Chart the Course |
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342 | (1) |
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The Spanish Voyages of Columbus |
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342 | (3) |
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The Spanish Empire in the New World |
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345 | (2) |
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The Church in Spanish America |
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347 | (1) |
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The Economy of Exploitation |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (36) |
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354 | (2) |
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Social and Political Conflict |
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354 | (1) |
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Popular Religious Movements and Criticism of the Church |
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354 | (2) |
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Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525 |
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356 | (1) |
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Justification by Faith Alone |
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356 | (1) |
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A Closer Look: A Saint at Peace in the Grasp of Temptation |
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357 | (7) |
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The Attack on Indulgences |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (1) |
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Luther's Excommunication and the Diet of Worms |
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360 | (2) |
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Imperial Distractions: War with France and the Turks |
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362 | (1) |
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How the Reformation Spread |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (2) |
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The Reformation Elsewhere |
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364 | (6) |
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Zwingli and the Swiss Reformation |
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364 | (3) |
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Anabaptists and Radical Protestants |
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367 | (1) |
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John Calvin and the Genevan Reformation |
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368 | (2) |
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Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformation |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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The Expansion of the Reformation |
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370 | (1) |
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Reaction Against Protestants |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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The English Reformation to 1553 |
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371 | (3) |
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The Preconditions of Reform |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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The ``Reformation Parliament'' |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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The King's Religious Conservatism |
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373 | (1) |
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The Protestant Reformation under Edward VI |
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374 | (1) |
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Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation |
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374 | (3) |
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Sources of Catholic Reform |
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374 | (1) |
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Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits |
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375 | (1) |
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The Council of Trent (1545--1563) |
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375 | (2) |
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The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe |
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377 | (4) |
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The Revolution in Religious Practices and Institutions |
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377 | (2) |
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The Reformation and Education |
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379 | (2) |
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The Reformation and the Changing Role of Women |
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381 | (1) |
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Family Life in Early Modern Europe |
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381 | (1) |
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Encountering the Past: A Child Is Born: Welcoming the Newborn in Late Medieval Europe |
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382 | (2) |
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383 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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Literary Imagination in Transition |
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384 | (2) |
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Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra: Rejection of Idealism |
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384 | (1) |
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William Shakespeare: Dramatist of the Age |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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The Age of Religious Wars |
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|
388 | (28) |
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Renewed Religious Struggle |
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390 | (1) |
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A Closer Look: Baroque and Plain Church: Architectural Reflections of Belief |
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|
390 | (2) |
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The French Wars of Religion (1562--1598) |
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|
392 | (5) |
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392 | (1) |
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Catherine de Medicis and the Guises |
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393 | (1) |
|
The Rise to Power of Henry of Navarre |
|
|
394 | (2) |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Imperial Spain and Philip II (R. 1556--1598) |
|
|
397 | (5) |
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
The Revolt in the Netherlands |
|
|
399 | (3) |
|
England and Spain (1553--1603) |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Elizabeth I (r. 1558--1603) |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Encountering the Past: Going to the Theater |
|
|
404 | (3) |
|
The Thirty Years' War (1618--1648) |
|
|
407 | (8) |
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
|
410 | (3) |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
European State Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries |
|
|
416 | (36) |
|
The Netherlands: Golden Age to Decline |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Two Models of European Political Development |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Constitutional Crisis and Settlement in Stuart England |
|
|
420 | (2) |
|
|
420 | (2) |
|
Encountering the Past: Early Controversy over Tobacco and Smoking |
|
|
422 | (6) |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
The Long Parliament and Civil War |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan Republic |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Charles II and the Restoration of the Monarchy |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
The ``Glorious Revolution'' |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Rise of Absolute Monarchy in France: The World of Louis XIV |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look: Versailles |
|
|
430 | (8) |
|
Louis's Repressive Religious Policies |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
433 | (4) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Central and Eastern Europe |
|
|
438 | (5) |
|
Poland: Absence of Strong Central Authority |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
The Habsburg Empire and the Pragmatic Sanction |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
Prussia and the Hohenzollerns |
|
|
440 | (3) |
|
Russia Enters the European Political Arena |
|
|
443 | (4) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (4) |
|
|
447 | (3) |
|
Religious Toleration and Ottoman Government |
|
|
447 | (2) |
|
The End of Ottoman Expansion |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries |
|
|
452 | (28) |
|
The Scientific Revolution |
|
|
454 | (5) |
|
Nicolaus Copernicus Rejects an Earth-Centered Universe |
|
|
454 | (3) |
|
Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler Make New Scientific Observations |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Galileo Galilei Argues for a Universe of Mathematical Laws |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Isaac Newton Discovers the Laws of Gravitation |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Philosophy Responds to Changing Science |
|
|
459 | (7) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Francis Bacon: The Empirical Method |
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
Rene Descartes: The Method of Rational Deduction |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Thomas Hobbes: Apologist for Absolute Government |
|
|
462 | (2) |
|
John Locke: Defender of Moderate Liberty and Toleration |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
The New Institutions of Expanding Natural Knowledge |
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
Women in the World of the Scientific Revolution |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
The New Science and Religious Faith |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
A Closer Look: The Sciences and the Arts |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Blaise Pascal: Reason and Faith |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
The English Approach to Science and Religion |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
Encountering the Past: Midwives |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
478 | (2) |
|
Society and Economy Under the Old Regime in the Eighteenth Century |
|
|
480 | (34) |
|
Major Features of Life in the Old Regime |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look: An Aristocratic Couple |
|
|
483 | (2) |
|
Varieties of Aristocratic Privilege |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
|
485 | (3) |
|
|
485 | (2) |
|
Aristocratic Domination of the Countryside: The English Game Laws |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Family Structures and the Family Economy |
|
|
488 | (5) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Women and the Family Economy |
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
Children and the World of the Family, Economy |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
The Revolution in Agriculture |
|
|
493 | (4) |
|
New Crops and New Methods |
|
|
494 | (3) |
|
Expansion of the Population |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
The Industrial Revolution of the Eighteenth Century |
|
|
497 | (7) |
|
A Revolution in Consumption |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Industrial Leadership of Great Britain |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
New Methods of Textile Production |
|
|
499 | (2) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
The Impact of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions on Working Women |
|
|
502 | (2) |
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
Patterns of Preindustrial Urbanization |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Encountering the Past: Water, Washing, and Bathing |
|
|
506 | (4) |
|
|
508 | (2) |
|
The Jewish Population: The Age of the Ghetto |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
510 | (2) |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion |
|
|
514 | (34) |
|
Periods of European Overseas Empires |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
The Spanish Colonial System |
|
|
519 | (4) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Colonial Reform Under the Spanish Bourbon Monarchs |
|
|
519 | (4) |
|
Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy |
|
|
523 | (3) |
|
The African Presence in the Americas |
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
Encountering the Past: Sugar Enters the Western Diet |
|
|
526 | (5) |
|
Slavery and the Transatlantic Economy |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
The Experience of Slavery |
|
|
528 | (3) |
|
A Closer Look: The Slave Ship Brookes |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
Mid-Eighteenth-Century Wars |
|
|
532 | (3) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
The War of the Austrian Succession (1740--1748) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
The ``Diplomatic Revolution'' of 1756 |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
The Seven Years' War (1756--1763) |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
The American Revolution and Europe |
|
|
535 | (6) |
|
Resistance to the Imperial Search for Revenue |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
The Crisis and Independence |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
538 | (3) |
|
Broader Impact of the American Revolution |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
The West & The World: The Columbian Exchange: Disease, Animals, and Agriculture |
|
|
544 | (4) |
|
Part 4 Enlightenment and Revolution 1700--1850 |
|
|
548 | (180) |
|
The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought |
|
|
550 | (42) |
|
Formative Influences on the Enlightenment |
|
|
552 | (2) |
|
Ideas of Newton and Locke |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
The Example of British Toleration and Political Stability |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
The Emergence of a Print Culture |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Encountering the Past: Coffeehouses and Enlightenment |
|
|
555 | (3) |
|
Voltaire---First Among the Philosophes |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
The Enlightenment and Religion |
|
|
558 | (6) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Radical Enlightenment Criticism of Christianity |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Jewish Thinkers in the Age of Enlightenment |
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
Islam in Enlightenment Thought |
|
|
562 | (2) |
|
The Enlightenment and Society |
|
|
564 | (3) |
|
The Encyclopedia: Freedom and Economic Improvement |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Beccaria and Reform of Criminal Law |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
The Physiocrats and Economic Freedom |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Adam Smith on Economic Growth and Social Progress |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Political Thought of the Philosophes |
|
|
567 | (4) |
|
Montesquieu and Spirit of the Laws |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Rousseau: A Radical Critique of Modern Society |
|
|
567 | (2) |
|
Enlightened Critics of European Empires |
|
|
569 | (2) |
|
Women in the Thought and Practice of the Enlightenment |
|
|
571 | (4) |
|
Rococo and Neoclassical Styles in Eighteenth-Century Art |
|
|
575 | (3) |
|
A Closer Look: An Eighteenth-Century Artist Appeals to the Ancient World |
|
|
578 | (2) |
|
|
580 | (9) |
|
Frederick the Great of Prussia |
|
|
580 | (4) |
|
|
584 | (2) |
|
Catherine the Great of Russia |
|
|
586 | (2) |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
The End of the Eighteenth Century in Central and Eastern Europe |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
592 | (34) |
|
The Crisis of the French Monarchy |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
The Monarchy Seeks New Taxes |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Calonne's Reform Plan and the Assembly of Notables |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Deadlock and the Calling of the Estates General |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
596 | (2) |
|
The Estates General Becomes the National Assembly |
|
|
596 | (2) |
|
A Closer Look: Challenging the French Political Order |
|
|
598 | (5) |
|
|
599 | (2) |
|
The ``Great Fear'' and the Night of August 4 |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
The Parisian Women's March on Versailles |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
The Reconstruction of France |
|
|
603 | (2) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Encountering The Past: The Metric System |
|
|
605 | (4) |
|
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Counterrevolutionary Activity |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
The End of the Monarchy: A Second Revolution |
|
|
609 | (3) |
|
Emergence of the Jacobins |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
The Convention and the Role of the Sans-culottes |
|
|
610 | (2) |
|
Europe at War with the Revolution |
|
|
612 | (3) |
|
Edmund Burke Attacks the Revolution |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
Suppression of Reform in Britain |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
The Second and Third Partitions of Poland, 1793, 1795 |
|
|
613 | (2) |
|
|
615 | (5) |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
The ``Republic of Virtue'' and Robespierre's Justification of Terror |
|
|
616 | (2) |
|
Repression of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
The Thermidorian Reaction |
|
|
620 | (4) |
|
Establishment of the Directory |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Removal of the Sans-culottes from Political Life |
|
|
622 | (2) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism |
|
|
626 | (30) |
|
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
The Constitution of the Year VIII |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
The Consulate in France (1799--1804) |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
Suppressing Foreign Enemies and Domestic Opposition |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
Concordat with the Roman Catholic Church |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Napoleon's Empire (1804--1814) |
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
A Closer Look: The Coronation of Napoleon |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
European Response to the Empire |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
Encountering the Past: Sailors and Canned Food |
|
|
634 | (6) |
|
German Nationalism and Prussian Reform |
|
|
635 | (2) |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
The Congress of Vienna and the European Settlement |
|
|
640 | (3) |
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
The Hundred Days and the Quadruple Alliance |
|
|
641 | (2) |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
Romantic Questioning of the Supremacy of Reason |
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
|
645 | (3) |
|
The English Romantic Writers |
|
|
645 | (2) |
|
The German Romantic Writers |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
The Cult of the Middle Ages and Neo-Gothicism |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
Religion in the Romantic Period |
|
|
649 | (2) |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
New Directions in Continental Religion |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
Romantic Views of Nationalism and History |
|
|
651 | (3) |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
Islam, the Middle East, and Romanticism |
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
The Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform (1815--1832) |
|
|
656 | (32) |
|
The Challenges of Nationalism and Liberalism |
|
|
658 | (4) |
|
The Emergence of Nationalism |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Early-Nineteenth-Century Political Liberalism |
|
|
659 | (3) |
|
Conservative Governments: The Domestic Political Order |
|
|
662 | (5) |
|
|
662 | (2) |
|
Liberalism and Nationalism Resisted in Austria and the Germanies |
|
|
664 | (3) |
|
Encountering the Past: Gymnastics and German Nationalism |
|
|
667 | (3) |
|
Postwar Repression in Great Britain |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
Bourbon Restoration in France |
|
|
668 | (2) |
|
The Conservative International Order |
|
|
670 | (2) |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
The Spanish Revolution of 1820 |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Revolt Against Ottoman Rule in the Balkans |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look: An English Poet Appears as an Albanian |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
The Wars of Independence in Latin America |
|
|
673 | (5) |
|
|
673 | (2) |
|
Wars of Independence on the South American Continent |
|
|
675 | (2) |
|
Independence in New Spain |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
The Conservative Order Shaken in Europe |
|
|
678 | (7) |
|
Russia: The Decembrist Revolt of 1825 |
|
|
678 | (2) |
|
Revolution in France (1830) |
|
|
680 | (2) |
|
Belgium Becomes Independent (1830) |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
The Great Reform Bill in Britain (1832) |
|
|
683 | (2) |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Economic Advance and Social Unrest (1830--1850) |
|
|
688 | (40) |
|
Toward an Industrial Society |
|
|
690 | (2) |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
The Emergence of a Wage-Labor Force |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
Encountering the Past: The Potato and the Great Hunger in Ireland |
|
|
693 | (2) |
|
Working-Class Political Action: The Example of British Chartism |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
Family Structures and the Industrial Revolution |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
The Family in the Early Factory System |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look: The Great Exhibition in London |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
Women in the Early Industrial Revolution |
|
|
697 | (5) |
|
Opportunities and Exploitation in Employment |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
Changing Expectations in the Working-Class Marriage |
|
|
700 | (2) |
|
Problems of Crime and Order |
|
|
702 | (2) |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
Government Policies Based on Classical Economics |
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
|
705 | (5) |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (2) |
|
1848: Year of Revolutions |
|
|
710 | (10) |
|
France: The Second Republic and Louis Napoleon |
|
|
712 | (3) |
|
The Habsburg Empire: Nationalism Resisted |
|
|
715 | (2) |
|
Italy: Republicanism Defeated |
|
|
717 | (2) |
|
Germany: Liberalism Frustrated |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
The West & the World: The Abolition of Slavery in the Transatlantic Economy |
|
|
722 | (6) |
|
PART 5 Toward the Modern World 1850--1939 |
|
|
728 | (208) |
|
|
730 | (30) |
|
The Crimean War (1853--1856) |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
Peace Settlement and Long-Term Results |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
Reforms in the Ottoman Empire |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look: The Crimean War Recalled |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
|
734 | (4) |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
|
735 | (3) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
738 | (5) |
|
|
739 | (2) |
|
The Franco-Prussian War and the German Empire (1870--1871) |
|
|
741 | (2) |
|
France: From Liberal Empire to the Third Republic |
|
|
743 | (3) |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
746 | (4) |
|
Formation of the Dual Monarchy |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
|
747 | (3) |
|
Russia: Emancipation and Revolutionary Stirrings |
|
|
750 | (2) |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
Great Britain: Toward Democracy |
|
|
752 | (2) |
|
The Second Reform Act (1867) |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Encountering the Past: The Arrival of Penny Postage |
|
|
754 | (4) |
|
Gladstone's Great Ministry (1868--1874) |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
Disraeli in Office (1874--1880) |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
|
756 | (2) |
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
The Building of European Supremacy: Society and Politics to World War I |
|
|
760 | (34) |
|
Population Trends and Migration |
|
|
762 | (1) |
|
The Second Industrial Revolution |
|
|
762 | (3) |
|
|
763 | (2) |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
The Middle Classes in Ascendancy |
|
|
765 | (2) |
|
Social Distinctions Within the Middle Classes |
|
|
765 | (2) |
|
Encountering the Past: Bicycles: Transportation, Freedom, and Sport |
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
Late-Nineteenth-Century Urban Life |
|
|
768 | (4) |
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
|
769 | (1) |
|
Housing Reform and Middle-Class Values |
|
|
770 | (2) |
|
Varieties of Late-Nineteenth-Century Women's Experiences |
|
|
772 | (8) |
|
Women's Social Disabilities |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
New Employment Patterns for Women |
|
|
773 | (2) |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
Women of the Middle Class |
|
|
775 | (2) |
|
The Rise of Political Feminism |
|
|
777 | (3) |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
Differing Degrees of Citizenship |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
Labor, Socialism, and Politics to World War I |
|
|
781 | (9) |
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
Democracy and Political Parties |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
Karl Marx and the First International |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
Great Britain: Fabianism and Early Welfare Programs |
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
France: ``Opportunism'' Rejected |
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
Germany: Social Democrats and Revisionism |
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
Russia: Industrial Development and the Birth of Bolshevism |
|
|
785 | (5) |
|
A Closer Look: Bloody Sunday, St. Petersburg 1905 |
|
|
790 | (2) |
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
The Birth of Modern European Thought |
|
|
794 | (32) |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
Advances in Primary Education |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
Reading Material for the Mass Audience |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
Comte, Positivism, and the Prestige of Science |
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
Encountering the Past: The Birth of Science Fiction |
|
|
798 | (2) |
|
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection |
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
Christianity and the Church under Siege |
|
|
800 | (3) |
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
Conflict Between Church and State |
|
|
801 | (1) |
|
Areas of Religious Revival |
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
The Roman Catholic Church and the Modern World |
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look: Conflict Between Church and State in Germany |
|
|
803 | (2) |
|
Islam and Late-Nineteenth-Century European Thought |
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
Toward a Twentieth-Century Frame of Mind |
|
|
805 | (15) |
|
Science: The Revolution in Physics |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
Literature: Realism and Naturalism |
|
|
806 | (2) |
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
|
809 | (3) |
|
Friedrich Nietzsche and the Revolt Against Reason |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
The Birth of Psychoanalysis |
|
|
813 | (2) |
|
Retreat from Rationalism in Politics |
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
|
815 | (3) |
|
Anti-Semitism and the Birth of Zionism |
|
|
818 | (2) |
|
|
820 | (4) |
|
Antifeminism in Late-Century Thought |
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
New Directions in Feminism |
|
|
821 | (3) |
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
Imperialism, Alliances, and War |
|
|
826 | (50) |
|
Expansion of European Power and the New Imperialism |
|
|
828 | (2) |
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
Motives for the New Imperialism |
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
The ``Scramble for Africa'' |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look: The French in Morocco |
|
|
830 | (8) |
|
|
836 | (2) |
|
Emergence of the German Empire and the Alliance Systems (1873--1890) |
|
|
838 | (5) |
|
|
838 | (3) |
|
Forging the Triple Entente (1890--1907) |
|
|
841 | (2) |
|
|
843 | (11) |
|
The Road to War (1908--1914) |
|
|
843 | (2) |
|
Sarajevo and the Outbreak of War (June-August 1914) |
|
|
845 | (3) |
|
Strategies and Stalemate: 1914--1917 |
|
|
848 | (6) |
|
|
854 | (4) |
|
The Provisional Government |
|
|
854 | (1) |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
The Communist Dictatorship |
|
|
856 | (2) |
|
|
858 | (4) |
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
The End of the Ottoman Empire |
|
|
861 | (1) |
|
|
862 | (1) |
|
Obstacles the Peacemakers Faced |
|
|
862 | (1) |
|
Encountering the Past: War Propaganda and the Movies: Charlie Chaplin |
|
|
863 | (5) |
|
|
864 | (3) |
|
|
867 | (1) |
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
The West & The World: Imperialism: Ancient and Modern |
|
|
870 | (6) |
|
Political Experiments of the 1920s |
|
|
876 | (30) |
|
Political and Economic Factors after the Paris Settlement |
|
|
878 | (2) |
|
Demands for Revision of the Paris Settlement |
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
Postwar Economic Problems |
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
New Roles for Government and Labor |
|
|
879 | (1) |
|
The Soviet Experiment Begins |
|
|
880 | (3) |
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
|
880 | (2) |
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look: Bolshevik Visions of World Revolution |
|
|
883 | (3) |
|
Women and the Family in the Early Soviet Union |
|
|
885 | (1) |
|
The Fascist Experiment in Italy |
|
|
886 | (5) |
|
|
887 | (2) |
|
|
889 | (1) |
|
Motherhood for the Nation in Fascist Italy |
|
|
890 | (1) |
|
|
891 | (3) |
|
France: The Search for Security |
|
|
891 | (1) |
|
Great Britain: Economic Confusion |
|
|
892 | (2) |
|
Encountering the Past: The Coming of Radio: The BBC |
|
|
894 | (1) |
|
Trials of the Successor States in Eastern Europe |
|
|
895 | (3) |
|
Economic and Ethnic Pressures |
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
Poland: Democracy to Military Rule |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
Czechoslovakia: A Viable Democratic Experiment |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
Hungary: Turn to Authoritarianism |
|
|
897 | (1) |
|
Austria: Political Turmoil and Nazi Occupation |
|
|
897 | (1) |
|
Southeastern Europe: Royal Dictatorships |
|
|
897 | (1) |
|
The Weimar Republic in Germany |
|
|
898 | (6) |
|
|
898 | (1) |
|
Lack of Broad Popular Support |
|
|
898 | (1) |
|
Invasion of the Ruhr and Inflation |
|
|
899 | (1) |
|
|
899 | (3) |
|
|
902 | (1) |
|
|
903 | (1) |
|
|
904 | (1) |
|
|
904 | (1) |
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
Europe and the Great Depression of the 1930s |
|
|
906 | (30) |
|
Toward the Great Depression |
|
|
908 | (3) |
|
|
908 | (1) |
|
Problems in Agricultural Commodities |
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
Depression and Government Policy |
|
|
910 | (1) |
|
Confronting the Great Depression in the Democracies |
|
|
911 | (4) |
|
Great Britain: The National Government |
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
France: The Popular Front |
|
|
913 | (2) |
|
Germany: The Nazi Seizure of Power |
|
|
915 | (2) |
|
Depression and Political Deadlock |
|
|
915 | (1) |
|
|
915 | (1) |
|
Hitler's Consolidation of Power |
|
|
916 | (1) |
|
Encountering the Past: Cinema of the Political Left and Right |
|
|
917 | (7) |
|
The Police State and Anti-Semitism |
|
|
919 | (2) |
|
Racial Ideology and the Lives of Women |
|
|
921 | (2) |
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look: The Nazi Party Rally |
|
|
924 | (1) |
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
Stalin's Soviet Union: Central Economic Planning, Collectivization, and Party Purges |
|
|
926 | (7) |
|
The Decision for Rapid Industrialization |
|
|
926 | (1) |
|
The Collectivization of Agriculture |
|
|
927 | (3) |
|
Flight to the Soviet Cities |
|
|
930 | (1) |
|
|
930 | (1) |
|
Foreign Reactions and Repercussions |
|
|
931 | (1) |
|
|
932 | (1) |
|
|
933 | (1) |
|
|
934 | (1) |
|
|
934 | (1) |
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
PART 6 Global Conflict, Cold War, and New Directions 1939-2005 |
|
|
936 | |
|
|
938 | (40) |
|
Again the Road to War (1933--1939) |
|
|
940 | (8) |
|
|
940 | (1) |
|
|
941 | (1) |
|
Remilitarization of the Rhineland |
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
|
943 | (1) |
|
Austria and Czechoslovakia |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
|
945 | (3) |
|
|
948 | (1) |
|
World War II (1939--1945) |
|
|
948 | (7) |
|
The German Conquest of Europe |
|
|
948 | (1) |
|
|
949 | (1) |
|
The German Attack on Russia |
|
|
950 | (2) |
|
Hitler's Plans for Europe |
|
|
952 | (1) |
|
Japan and the United States Enter the War |
|
|
952 | (1) |
|
|
953 | (2) |
|
Encountering the Past: Rosie the Riveter and American Women in the War Effort |
|
|
955 | (5) |
|
The Defeat of Nazi Germany |
|
|
956 | (2) |
|
Fall of the Japanese Empire |
|
|
958 | (2) |
|
|
960 | (1) |
|
|
960 | (6) |
|
The Destruction of the Polish Jewish Community |
|
|
960 | (1) |
|
Polish Anti-Semitism Between the Wars |
|
|
961 | (2) |
|
The Nazi Assault on the Jews of Poland |
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
Explanations of the Holocaust |
|
|
964 | (2) |
|
|
966 | (2) |
|
Germany: From Apparent Victory to Defeat |
|
|
966 | (1) |
|
France: Defeat, Collaboration, and Resistance |
|
|
967 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look: The Vichy Regime in France |
|
|
968 | (4) |
|
Great Britain: Organization for Victory |
|
|
969 | (2) |
|
The Soviet Union: ``The Great Patriotic War'' |
|
|
971 | (1) |
|
|
972 | (2) |
|
|
972 | (1) |
|
Tehran: Agreement on a Second Front |
|
|
972 | (1) |
|
|
973 | (1) |
|
|
974 | (1) |
|
|
974 | (2) |
|
|
976 | (1) |
|
|
976 | (1) |
|
|
977 | (1) |
|
The Cold War Era and the Emergence of a New Europe |
|
|
978 | (46) |
|
The Emergence of the Cold War |
|
|
980 | (9) |
|
Containment in American Foreign Policy |
|
|
981 | (2) |
|
Soviet Domination of Eastern Europe |
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
The Postwar Division of Germany |
|
|
984 | (2) |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
The Creation of the State of Israel |
|
|
987 | (1) |
|
|
988 | (1) |
|
The Khrushchev Era in the Soviet Union |
|
|
989 | (3) |
|
Khrushchev's Domestic Policies |
|
|
990 | (1) |
|
|
990 | (2) |
|
Later Cold War Confrontations |
|
|
992 | (1) |
|
|
992 | (1) |
|
|
992 | (1) |
|
|
993 | (3) |
|
1968: The Invasion of Czechoslovakia |
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
The United States and Detente |
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
The Invasion of Afghanistan |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
Communism and Solidarity in Poland |
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
Relations with the Reagan Administration |
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
Decolonization: The European Retreat from Empire |
|
|
996 | (4) |
|
Major Areas of Colonial Withdrawal |
|
|
996 | (1) |
|
|
996 | (2) |
|
Further British Retreat from Empire |
|
|
998 | (2) |
|
The Turmoil of French Decolonization |
|
|
1000 | (3) |
|
|
1000 | (1) |
|
|
1001 | (1) |
|
Vietnam Drawn into the Cold War |
|
|
1001 | (1) |
|
Direct United States Involvement |
|
|
1002 | (1) |
|
The Collapse of European Communism |
|
|
1003 | (2) |
|
Gorbachev Attempts to Reform the Soviet Union |
|
|
1004 | (1) |
|
Encountering the Past: Rock Music and Political Protest |
|
|
1005 | (3) |
|
1989: Revolution in Eastern Europe |
|
|
1006 | (2) |
|
A Closer Look: Collapse of the Berlin Wall |
|
|
1008 | (6) |
|
The Collapse of the Soviet Union |
|
|
1009 | (3) |
|
The Yeltsin Decade and Putin |
|
|
1012 | (2) |
|
The Collapse of Yugoslavia and Civil War |
|
|
1014 | (1) |
|
The Rise of Radical Political Islamism |
|
|
1015 | (3) |
|
|
1015 | (1) |
|
|
1016 | (1) |
|
Afghanistan and Radical Islamism |
|
|
1016 | (2) |
|
|
1018 | (3) |
|
|
1021 | (1) |
|
|
1021 | (1) |
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
The West at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century |
|
|
1024 | |
|
The Twentieth-Century Movement of People |
|
|
1026 | (2) |
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
External and Internal Migration |
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
The New Muslim Population |
|
|
1027 | (1) |
|
European Population Trends |
|
|
1028 | (1) |
|
Toward a Welfare State Society |
|
|
1028 | (3) |
|
Christian Democratic Parties |
|
|
1029 | (1) |
|
The Creation of Welfare States |
|
|
1029 | (1) |
|
Resistance to the Expansion of the Welfare State |
|
|
1030 | (1) |
|
New Patterns in Work and Expectations of Women |
|
|
1031 | (3) |
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
More Married Women in the Work Force |
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
|
1032 | (2) |
|
Women in the New Eastern Europe |
|
|
1034 | (1) |
|
Transformations in Knowledge and Culture |
|
|
1034 | (5) |
|
Communism and Western Europe |
|
|
1034 | (1) |
|
|
1035 | (1) |
|
Expansion of the University Population and Student Rebellion |
|
|
1036 | (2) |
|
The Americanization of Europe |
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
Encountering the Past: Toys from Europe Conquer the United States |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
1040 | (1) |
|
|
1040 | (2) |
|
Cultural Divisions and the Cold War |
|
|
1040 | (1) |
|
|
1041 | (1) |
|
|
1042 | (2) |
|
|
1042 | (1) |
|
|
1043 | (1) |
|
|
1043 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look: The Copenhagen Opera House |
|
|
1044 | (1) |
|
Late-Twentieth-Century Technology: The Arrival of the Computer |
|
|
1045 | (3) |
|
The Demand for Calculating Machines |
|
|
1045 | (1) |
|
Early Computer Technology |
|
|
1046 | (1) |
|
The Development of Desktop Computers |
|
|
1047 | (1) |
|
The Challenges of European Unification |
|
|
1048 | (2) |
|
|
1048 | (1) |
|
The European Economic Community |
|
|
1048 | (1) |
|
|
1048 | (1) |
|
|
1049 | (1) |
|
|
1050 | (1) |
|
|
1051 | (1) |
|
|
1051 | (1) |
|
|
1051 | (1) |
|
The West & The World: Energy and the Modern World |
|
|
1052 | |
Glossary |
|
1 | (1) |
Index |
|
1 | |