When Words are Inadequate is a transnational history of modern dance written from and beyond the perspective of China. Author Nan Ma extends the horizon of China studies by rewriting the cultural history of modern China from a bodily movement-based perspective through the lens of dance modernism.

The book examines the careers and choreographies of four Chinese modern dance pioneers-Yu Rongling, Wu Xiaobang, Dai Ailian, and Guo Mingda-and their connections to canonical Western counterparts, including Isadora Duncan, Mary Wigman, Rudolf von Laban, and Alwin Nikolais. Tracing these Chinese pioneers' varied experiences in Paris, Tokyo, Trinidad, London, New York, and China's metropolises and borderlands, the book shows how their contributions adapted and reimagined the legacies of early Euro-American modern dance.

In doing so, When Words are Inadequate reinserts China into the multi-centered, transnational network of artistic exchange that fostered the global rise of modern dance, further complicating the binary conceptions of center and periphery and East and West. By exploring the relationships between performance and representation, choreography and politics, and nation-building and global modernism, it situates modern dance within an intermedial circuit of literary and artistic forms, demonstrating how modern dance provided a kinesthetic alternative and complements to other sibling arts in participating in China's successive revolutions, reforms, wars, and political movements.

Nan Ma is Associate Professor of East Asian Studies at Dickinson College. She conducts research on modern Chinese literature, film, visual culture, and dance and performance studies and has published articles on Chinese modern dance, ballet and film in Modern Chinese Literature and Culture (MCLC), China Perspectives, and the Journal of Beijing Dance Academy.

Introduction

Chapter 1: Traveling Princess and Dancing Diplomat: Yu Rongling, Corporeal Modernity, and Isadora Duncan

Chapter 2: Transmediating Kinesthesia: Wu Xiaobang, Mary Wigman via Tokyo, and Modern Dance in Wartime China

Chapter 3: Dancing Reclusion in the Great Leap Forward: Conflicting Utopias and Wu Xiaobang's "New Classical Dance"

Chapter 4: Writing Dance: Dai Ailian, Labanotation, and the Multi-Diasporic "Root" of Modern Chinese Ethnic Dance

Epilogue: Guo Mingda, Alwin Nikolais, and the (Anti-)American Link

Index