The World of the Druids

by
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1997-06-01
Publisher(s): W W Norton & Co Inc
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Summary

The white-clad Druid wielding a golden sickle and conducting secret ceremonies in remote forest glades is a familiar figure in art and literature. But just how accurate is this view when compared with actual evidence from the past? In this authoritative account, Miranda Green unravels the truth about the Druids. Examining the archaeological evidence, Classical commentaries, and early Welsh and Irish myths, she shows that the Druids were fully integrated into Celtic society, fulfilling varied and necessary roles both secular and religious. Roman writers are seen to reflect the double standards of an invading society, condemning as barbaric the public sacrifice of enemies by the Druids while accepting as civilized their own sacrifice of Christians to the lions. Yet the Classical sources can be used to reveal the real Druids. We learn of their multiple roles as judges, teachers, healers, magicians, philosophers, religious leaders, and fomenters of rebellion. With sections on the Classical texts, archaeological evidence, Druidical sacrifice, and female Druids to name a few, this book traces the history of the Druids from their beginnings in the midst of Celtic times up to their resurrection during the Renaissance period, which has so heavily influenced the Druids of today. Modern Druidism and its links with Stonehenge and Avebury receive full coverage. A directory of Druidical societies reveals that this is now a worldwide phenomenon with groups operating from Australia to America. Special features throughout the book range from Lindow Man--was he the victim of Druidical sacrifice?--to William Wordsworth the Druid. Complete with timeline and gazetteer, this imaginatively illustrated book will appeal to all those--student, traveler, or spiritual seeker--who are fascinated by the Druids and their world.

Table of Contents

I FINDING THE DRUIDS
8(16)
How Do We Know About the Druids?
8(2)
The Druids in Celtic Society
10(1)
The Geography of the Celtic World
11(3)
An Outline History of the Druids
14(4)
The Oak and the Mistletoe
18(2)
Timeline for Druidism
20(4)
II THE CELTS AND THE SUPERNATURAL
24(16)
The Nature of Celtic Religion
24(2)
The Celtic Pantheon
26(3)
A God in Every Place
29(2)
Druids in Context
31(1)
Druidic Organization
32(2)
Ceremonies and Festivals
34(3)
The Farming Year
37(3)
III THE DRUIDS IN CLASSICAL LITERATURE
40(16)
The Chroniclers
40(4)
Druids and the Social Order
44(2)
Healers and Magicians
46(2)
The Druids and Education
48(2)
Philosophers and Scientists
50(1)
Immortality and Rebirth
51(1)
Druids and Romans
52(4)
IV DIGGING UP DRUIDS
56(16)
Priesthoods in European Prehistory
56(2)
Images of the Druids
58(2)
Ceremonial Regalia: Badges of Office
60(4)
Gifts to the Divine Powers
64(2)
Cauldrons and Holy Water
66(2)
Death, Burial and the Afterlife
68(4)
V SACRIFICE AND PROPHECY
72(22)
The Concept of Sacrifice
72(2)
Sacrifice in Action
74(2)
Ritual Murder
76(2)
Flesh for the Gods
78(2)
Bodies in the Bog
80(2)
The Danish Bog Victims
82(3)
Animals as Sacrificial Victims
85(3)
Divination: Telling the Future
88(2)
Prophets and Oracles
90(4)
VI THE FEMALE DRUIDS
94(14)
Women in Celtic Society
94(3)
Druidesses and Wise Women
97(1)
Witches and Magic
98(3)
Priestess and Prophetess in Irish Myth
101(2)
Virgin Priestesses
103(5)
VII SACRED PLACES AND THEIR PRIESTS
108(16)
Sacred Groves and Pools
108(2)
Shrines and Temples
110(2)
The Sacred Spring at Bath
112(3)
Priests in Celtic Sanctuaries
115(3)
The Sacred Healers
118(2)
Enclosing Holy Space
120(4)
VIII DRUIDS IN IRISH MYTH
124(16)
The Learned Class
124(1)
The Early Myths
125(3)
Cathbadh of Ulster
128(2)
Sacral Kingship and Druidic Prophecy
130(4)
Druidism and Christianity
134(6)
XI DRUIDS RESURRECTED
140(20)
The Druidic Revival of the Renaissance
140(2)
Stukeley and His Peers
142(2)
The Stonehenge Connection
144(2)
Realists and Romantics
146(4)
Druids as Illustrated
150(2)
Birth of a Welsh Myth
152(4)
Druids, the Eisteddfod and Welsh Identity
156(4)
X DRUIDS TODAY
160(20)
Neo-Paganism and the Old Religion
160(2)
Witches and Druids
162(4)
Ceremony and Celebration
166(3)
Modern Druid Organizations
169(3)
Stonehenge Prohibited
172(5)
The Modern Druid Doctrine
177(2)
Guardians of the Planet
179(1)
Directory of Modern Druid Organizations 180(2)
Gazetteer 182(2)
Further Reading 184(2)
Acknowledgments 186(2)
Index 188

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