
Expanded Family Life Cycle, The: Individual, Family, and Social Perspectives
by McGoldrick, Monica; Carter, Betty; Garcia-Preto, Nydia; chapter, contributors-
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Summary
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xiii |
Foreword | p. xvii |
Conceptual Perspectives | |
Overview: The Expanded Family Life Cycle: Individual, Family, and Social Perspectives | p. 1 |
The Family Life Cycle | p. 1 |
The Family as a System Moving through Time | p. 1 |
The Individual in the Family and in History | p. 5 |
The Vertical and Horizontal Flow of Stress in the Life Cycle | p. 5 |
Anxiety and Symptom Development | p. 7 |
The Changing Family Life Cycle | p. 8 |
The Expanded Family Life Cycle: Individual Development | p. 9 |
Contemporary Families | p. 10 |
Our Life Cycles Unfold in the Context of the Community of Our Connectedness | p. 11 |
The Larger Society | p. 12 |
The Changing Structure of Families | p. 13 |
Multiculturalism | p. 14 |
The Political and Economic System | p. 15 |
The American Family of the Future | p. 15 |
Clinical Implications: The Multicontextual Framework | p. 16 |
Assessing Individual Development | p. 17 |
Assessing the Immediate Family Household(s) | p. 18 |
Assessing the Extended Family | p. 18 |
Assessing the Family's Community and Social Connections | p. 18 |
Assessing the Impact on Clients of Hierarchy and Power Inequality in the Larger Social Structures of Society | p. 20 |
A Method of Including the Sociocultural Context in Family Therapy | p. 23 |
Conclusion | p. 24 |
Self in Context: The Individual Life Cycle in Systemic Perspective | p. 27 |
Redefining the Dimensions of Human Development | p. 27 |
Developing a Self in Context | p. 28 |
The Myths of Complete Autonomy and Self-Determination | p. 28 |
Developing a Mature Interdependent Self | p. 29 |
It Takes a Village | p. 29 |
Gendered Development: From Adam's Rib | p. 30 |
Developing a Self in a Nonaffirming Environment | p. 31 |
Our Multiple Intelligences | p. 33 |
The Connected Self | p. 34 |
Countering Unequal Gender, Class, Cultural, and Racial Socialization | p. 35 |
The Individual Life Cycle in Context | p. 36 |
The "Slings and Arrows" as Individual, Family, and Community Intersect | p. 44 |
Developing an Autonomous and Emotionally Connected Self | p. 44 |
History, Genograms, and the Family Life Cycle: Freud in Context | p. 47 |
Using Genograms to Track Family History through the Family Life Cycle | p. 47 |
Courtship and Marriage of Freud's Parents: The Joining of Families | p. 49 |
The Transition to Parenthood and Families with Young Children | p. 51 |
Families with Adolescents | p. 54 |
Families at Midlife: Launching Children and Moving On | p. 56 |
Marriage: The Next Generation | p. 59 |
Parenthood: The Next Generation | p. 61 |
Families in Later Life | p. 64 |
Conclusion | p. 67 |
Culture and the Family Life Cycle | p. 69 |
Life Cycle Stages | p. 70 |
African American Families | p. 71 |
Latino Families | p. 74 |
Irish Families | p. 77 |
Asian Indian Families | p. 80 |
Jewish Families | p. 83 |
Social Class and the Family Life Cycle | p. 88 |
Understanding Social Class | p. 89 |
Class Influences on the Family Life Cycle: Challenges and Possibilities | p. 92 |
Three Families | p. 97 |
Therapeutic Implications of the Intersection of Class and the Family Life Cycle | p. 102 |
Women and the Family Life Cycle | p. 106 |
Women's Changing Life Cycle Roles | p. 106 |
Women and Education | p. 109 |
Women and Work | p. 110 |
Women in Families | p. 112 |
Women in the Middle: Women and Caretaking | p. 113 |
Women's Exclusion from Power under the Law and Societal Expectations | p. 114 |
Women and Marriage | p. 114 |
Becoming Mothers | p. 115 |
Adolescence | p. 117 |
Launching Children and Moving On | p. 117 |
Older Families | p. 118 |
Women and Their Friendship Networks | p. 119 |
Women and Loss | p. 119 |
That the Bumble Bee Should Fly: Affirming Women through the Life Cycle | p. 120 |
Conclusion | p. 120 |
Men in Transition: The "New Man" | p. 124 |
The New Man and the Legacy of Masculinity | p. 124 |
Is There a "New Man"? | p. 125 |
Men and Power | p. 127 |
Men, Friendship, and the Men's Movements | p. 129 |
Men and Their Relationships throughout the Family Life Cycle | p. 131 |
The Latino Family Life Cycle | p. 141 |
Family Organization, Migration, and the Family Life Cycle | p. 141 |
The Family with Young Children: Relatedness or Autonomy? | p. 141 |
The Family with School-Age Children: Brave in a New World | p. 143 |
Adolescence: Between Two Worlds | p. 144 |
Young Adulthood: Staying Home and Courtship | p. 146 |
Marriage: Separating or Returning to the Fold? | p. 147 |
Middle Age: A Full Nest | p. 148 |
The Elderly: Losses But a Shared Life | p. 149 |
Dying and Grieving | p. 150 |
Siblings Through the Life Cycle | p. 153 |
The Importance of Sibling Relationships through the Life Cycle | p. 153 |
Age Spacing | p. 154 |
Gender Differences | p. 155 |
Birth-Order Effects in Sibling Relationships | p. 156 |
Life Cycle Issues in Families with Disabled Siblings | p. 157 |
Sibling Positions and Parenting | p. 159 |
Siblings and Adolescent Relationships | p. 160 |
Sibling Relationships in Young Adulthood | p. 160 |
Sibling Positions and Marital Relationships | p. 161 |
Sibling Relationships in Midlife | p. 162 |
Sibling Relationships after the Death of Parents | p. 163 |
Other Factors That Intersect with Sibling Patterns: Culture, Class, and Race | p. 164 |
Conclusions | p. 166 |
Rules of Thumb for Sibling Relationships t hrough the Life Cycle | p. 167 |
Migration and the Family Life Cycle | p. 169 |
The Migration Experience | p. 171 |
Changes in Social Networks | p. 171 |
Changes in Socioeconomic Status | p. 172 |
Changes in Culture | p. 172 |
Life Cycle Phase at the Time of Migration | p. 173 |
Death and the Family Life Cycle | p. 185 |
Family Adaptation to Loss | p. 185 |
Timing of Loss in the Family Life Cycle | p. 187 |
Loss at Different Life Cycle Stages | p. 188 |
Death in Divorced and Remarried Families | p. 196 |
Varied Life Course: Challenges of Hidden and Stigmatized Losses | p. 197 |
Conclusion | p. 198 |
Creating Meaningful Rituals for New Life Cycle Transitions | p. 202 |
Creating Rituals as a Developmental Task for Couples | p. 203 |
Contemporary Life Cycle Transitions | p. 204 |
The Emergence of Symptoms | p. 206 |
Therapeutic Rituals | p. 207 |
Discussion of the Ritual | p. 209 |
Healing Rituals | p. 210 |
Identity Redefinition Rituals | p. 211 |
Designing and Implementing Rituals for Idiosyncratic Life Cycle Transitions | p. 212 |
Conclusion | p. 213 |
Perspectives on the Evolving American Family | |
Becoming an Adult: Leaving Home and Staying Connected | p. 215 |
Young Adulthood: Developmental Tasks | p. 215 |
Young Adulthood in the 1990s | p. 216 |
Late Adolescence or Early Young Adulthood: Age 18-21 | p. 216 |
Issues for the Family | p. 219 |
Young Adulthood for Heterosexual Men | p. 221 |
Young Adulthood for Heterosexual Women | p. 224 |
Young Adulthood for Gay Men | p. 225 |
Young Adulthood for Lesbians | p. 226 |
The Poor Get Poorer: The Last Two Decades | p. 227 |
Conclusion | p. 229 |
Becoming a Couple | p. 231 |
Marriage in Our Times | p. 231 |
Fusion and Intimacy | p. 234 |
Gay and Lesbian Couples | p. 239 |
The Wedding | p. 241 |
Sexuality | p. 243 |
Patterns with Extended Family | p. 244 |
In-Laws | p. 245 |
Sibling Issues in Couple Formation | p. 245 |
Cultural Differences | p. 246 |
Issues in Marital Adjustment | p. 247 |
Becoming Parents: The Family with Young Children | p. 249 |
Introduction | p. 249 |
Gender Issues in Parenting | p. 252 |
Problems | p. 257 |
Alternate Pathways to Parenthood | p. 260 |
Clinical Guidelines | p. 266 |
Conclusion | p. 271 |
Transformation of the Family System During Adolescence | p. 274 |
The Sociocultural Context | p. 274 |
Developing a Gender Identity | p. 275 |
Changes in the Family Structure | p. 280 |
Therapeutic Interventions | p. 282 |
The Launching Phase of the Life Cycle | p. 287 |
Overview | p. 287 |
Gender Issues: Men and Women at Midlife | p. 289 |
Midlife Marriages | p. 292 |
Midlife Divorces | p. 293 |
Midlifers at Work | p. 295 |
Redefining Family Relationships at Midlife | p. 297 |
Friendships at Midlife | p. 301 |
Gays and Lesbians at Midlife | p. 302 |
Summary | p. 304 |
Families in Later Life: Challenges and Opportunities | p. 307 |
The Graying of the Family | p. 307 |
Later-Life Transitions and Challenges | p. 310 |
Successful Aging | p. 318 |
Clinical Challenges and Opportunities: A Resiliency-Based Approach | p. 320 |
Conclusion | p. 324 |
The Family Life Cycle of African American Families Living in Poverty | p. 327 |
Factors Influencing Diversity, Functioning, and Resilience through the Life Cycle | p. 328 |
Characteristics of the Family Life Cycle | p. 329 |
Assessment and Treatment Considerations | p. 330 |
Stages of the Family Life Cycle | p. 333 |
Avoiding Therapist Burnout | p. 342 |
Conclusion | p. 343 |
Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Family Life Cycle | p. 346 |
Adolescence | p. 348 |
Leaving Home/Single Young Adulthood | p. 349 |
Coupling | p. 351 |
Parenting | p. 354 |
Midlife/Later Life | p. 356 |
Conclusion | p. 359 |
The Single Adult and the Family Life Cycle | p. 362 |
Setting the Clinical Stage | p. 363 |
The Single Person's Life Cycle | p. 364 |
The Divorce Cycle: A Major Variation in the American Family Life Cycle | p. 373 |
Gender Issues in Divorce | p. 374 |
Time | p. 374 |
The Divorce and Postdivorce Family Emotional Process | p. 376 |
Family Emotional Process at the Transition to Remarriage | p. 376 |
Conclusion | p. 380 |
Divorce: An Unscheduled Family Transition | p. 381 |
The Context of Divorce | p. 381 |
Divorce as a Multidimensional Process | p. 383 |
The Transitions Framework | p. 385 |
Clinical Overview | p. 395 |
Single-Parent Families: Strengths, Vulnerabilities, and Interventions | p. 399 |
Changing Prevalence and Pathways | p. 400 |
The Adaptation of Children in Single-Parent Families through the Life Cycle | p. 401 |
Validating the History and Present of Single-Parent Family Experiences | p. 401 |
Engaging Single-Parent Families in Therapy | p. 402 |
The Significance of the Social Context: Kin and Nonkin Networks | p. 403 |
Recognizing and Mobilizing Strengths | p. 407 |
Reinforcing the Mother's Authority | p. 409 |
Addressing Special Life Cycle Issues of Single-Parent Families | p. 410 |
Conclusion | p. 412 |
Remarried Families | p. 417 |
A New Paradigm of Family | p. 417 |
Stepfamily Formation following Death | p. 422 |
Gays and Lesbians in Stepfamilies | p. 422 |
Money in Remarried Families | p. 422 |
Predictable Emotional Issues in Remarriage | p. 423 |
The Process of Remarriage | p. 424 |
The Impact of Remarriage at Various Phases of the Family Life Cycle | p. 424 |
Spouses at Same Life Cycle Phase | p. 425 |
Stepfamilies and Young Children | p. 425 |
Stepfamilies with Adolescents | p. 425 |
The Impact of Remarriage in Later Life Cycle Phases | p. 426 |
Family Therapy with Remarried Families: Clinical Procedures and Illustrations | p. 426 |
Key Presenting Triangles in Remarried Families | p. 426 |
Conclusion | p. 432 |
Clinical Applications | |
Coaching at Various Stages of the Life Cycle | p. 436 |
System Interactions | p. 437 |
Fusion versus Differentiation | p. 438 |
Triangles | p. 438 |
Distancing and Cut-Off | p. 439 |
Differentiation | p. 439 |
The Role of the Coach | p. 440 |
Humor | p. 441 |
Detriangling | p. 441 |
Opening Up a Closed System | p. 442 |
Engagement and System Mapping | p. 442 |
Planning: Learning about the System and One's Own Role in It | p. 443 |
Reentry | p. 444 |
The Single Young Adult | p. 445 |
The Young Couple | p. 446 |
Families with Young Children | p. 448 |
Families with Adolescents | p. 448 |
The Couple at or Past the Launching Stage | p. 448 |
Elderly Clients | p. 450 |
Coaching Single Parents | p. 450 |
Coaching Remarried Family Members | p. 451 |
Coaching Minority-Group Clients | p. 452 |
Guidelines for the Therapist | p. 452 |
Alcohol Problems and the Family Life Cycle | p. 455 |
Addiction in Context | p. 455 |
The Family Life Cycle: A Long-Term Perspective on Alcohol Use | p. 456 |
Self-Help Groups | p. 457 |
Bias against the Alcoholic | p. 457 |
The Impact of Race and Culture | p. 458 |
Addiction: Staging and Life Cycle Issues in Assessment | p. 459 |
The Family with Adolescents | p. 459 |
The Unattached Young Adult | p. 461 |
New Couples | p. 461 |
Couples at Any Stage | p. 461 |
Domestic Violence | p. 462 |
After Sobriety | p. 463 |
Gay and Lesbian Couples | p. 463 |
New Parents | p. 463 |
Children in Alcoholic Families | p. 464 |
Early Warning Signs for Children at Risk | p. 464 |
When a Parent Gets Sober | p. 465 |
Launching Children and Moving On | p. 465 |
The Family in Later Life: Addiction and the Elderly | p. 465 |
Assessment | p. 466 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 467 |
Violence and the Family Life Cycle | p. 470 |
Why Intervention Must Address Social Accountability | p. 471 |
Young Adulthood | p. 473 |
Newly Formed Couple Relationships | p. 476 |
Families with Young Children | p. 479 |
Families with Adolescents | p. 482 |
Families at Midlife | p. 484 |
Older Families | p. 485 |
Conclusion | p. 488 |
Chronic Illness and the Family Life Cycle | p. 492 |
The Social Context of Illness and Disabilities | p. 493 |
Psychosocial Typology of Illness | p. 494 |
Time Phases of Illness | p. 496 |
Interface of the Illness, Individual, and Family Life Cycles | p. 500 |
Multigenerational Experiences with Illness, Loss, and Crisis | p. 505 |
Conclusion | p. 510 |
Interactions Between the Therapist's and Client's Life Cycle Stages | p. 512 |
Dimensions of Similarity between Therapist and Client | p. 512 |
Brief Scenarios: Complex Therapist-Family Life Cycle Interactions | p. 513 |
Families with Young Children: A Complex Intersection | p. 514 |
She Nurtures/He Earns: The Therapist's Transition Gets in the Way | p. 514 |
The Long-Term View: Working with One Family over Successive Life Cycle Stages | p. 516 |
Working with Loss: A Link between Life Cycle Stages | p. 518 |
Conclusion | p. 518 |
Name Index | p. 520 |
Subject Index | p. 528 |
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved. |
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