Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric The Use of Reason in Everyday Life,9780534626044

Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric The Use of Reason in Everyday Life

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Edition: 10th
ISBN13: 9780534626044
ISBN10: 0534626041
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2005-03-02
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

This classic text, first published in 1971, has introduced tens of thousands of students to sound reasoning using a wealth of current, relevant, and stimulating examples all put together and explained in Howard Kahane's uniquely witty and invigorating writing style. Long the choice of instructors who want to "keep students interested", LOGIC AND CONTEMPORARY RHETORIC combines examples from TV, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, and, in typical Kahanian fashion, our nation¹s political dialogue. The text not only brings the concepts alive for students, but puts critical thinking skills into a context that students will retain and use throughout their lives. This is a book you can actually count on students to read.

Table of Contents

Preface viii
Good and Bad Reasoning
1(30)
Reasoning and Arguments
2(2)
Exposition and Argument
4(2)
Cogent Reasoning
6(3)
Two Basic Kinds of Valid Arguments
9(3)
Some Wrong Ideas about Cogent Reasoning
12(2)
Background Beliefs
14(1)
Kinds of Background Beliefs
15(1)
Worldviews or Philosophies
16(1)
Insufficiently Grounded Beliefs
17(5)
Two Vital Kinds of Background Beliefs
22(1)
Science to the Rescue
23(8)
Summary of Chapter 1
27(4)
More on Deduction and Induction
31(16)
Deductive Validity
31(3)
Deductive Invalidity
34(1)
Syllogisms
35(2)
Indirect Proofs
37(1)
Tautologies, Contradictions, and Contingent Statements
37(1)
Inductive Validity (Correctness) and Invalidity (Incorrectness)
38(4)
A Misconception about Deduction and Induction
42(1)
Reasoning Cogently versus Being Right in Fact
43(4)
Summary of Chapter 2
43(4)
Fallacious Reasoning---1
47(26)
Appeal to Authority
48(4)
Inconsistency
52(6)
Straw Man
58(1)
False Dilemma and the Either-Or Fallacy
58(1)
Begging the Question
59(2)
Questionable Premise---Questionable Statement
61(1)
Suppressed (Overlooked) Evidence
62(2)
Tokenism
64(9)
Summary of Chapter 3
65(8)
Fallacious Reasoning---2
73(18)
Ad Hominem Argument
73(2)
Two Wrongs Make a Right
75(3)
Irrelevant Reason (Non Sequitur)
78(2)
Equivocation
80(2)
Appeal to Ignorance
82(2)
Composition and Division
84(1)
Slippery Slope
84(7)
Summary of Chapter 4
85(6)
Fallacious Reasoning---3
91(28)
Hasty Conclusion
91(1)
Small Sample
92(1)
Unrepresentative Sample
92(1)
Questionable Cause
93(3)
Questionable Analogy
96(2)
Questionable Statistics
98(2)
Questionable Uses of Good Statistics
100(2)
Polls: An Important Special Case
102(3)
False Charge of Fallacy
105(14)
Summary of Chapter 5
107(12)
Psychological Impediments to Cogent Reasoning: Shooting Ourselves in the Foot
119(26)
Loyalty, Provincialism, and the Herd Instinct
120(2)
Prejudice, Stereotypes, Scapegoats, and Partisan Mind Sets
122(2)
Superstitious Beliefs
124(1)
Wishful Thinking and Self-Deception
125(2)
Rationalization and Procrastination
127(4)
Other Defense Mechanisms
131(1)
The Benefits of Self-Deception, Wishful Thinking, and Denial
132(2)
The Pull of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal
134(3)
Lack of a Good Sense of Proportion
137(8)
Summary of Chapter 6
139(6)
Language
145(28)
Cognitive and Emotive Meanings
145(1)
Emotive Meanings and Persuasive Uses of Language
146(6)
Other Common Rhetorical Devices
152(6)
Language Manipulators
158(4)
Language Revision
162(11)
Summary of Chapter 7
167(6)
Evaluating Extended Arguments
173(30)
The Basic Tasks of Essay Evaluation
174(7)
The Margin Note and Summary Method
181(5)
Extended Evaluation of an Argument
186(5)
Dealing with Value Claims
191(5)
Evaluating Ironic Works
196(7)
Summary of Chapter 8
200(3)
Writing Cogent (and Persuasive) Essays
203(26)
The Writing Process
203(1)
Preparing to Write
204(1)
Writing the Essay
205(4)
Supporting Reasons Effectively
209(20)
Summary of Chapter 9
226(3)
Advertising: Selling the Product
229(34)
Promise and Identification Advertisements
230(2)
Things to Watch Out for in Advertisements
232(10)
The Upside of Ads
242(1)
Trends in Marketing
242(5)
Political Advertising
247(16)
Summary of Chapter 10
258(5)
Managing the News
263(50)
The Media and the Power of Money
264(13)
News-Gathering Methods Are Designed to Save Money
277(2)
Misdirection and Lack of Proportion
279(1)
News Reporting: Theory and Practice
280(8)
Devices Used to Slant the News
288(7)
Television, Film, and Electronic Information Sources
295(4)
The Non-Mass Media to the Rescue
299(2)
Recent Developments
301(12)
Summary of Chapter 11
306(7)
Textbooks: Managing Worldviews
313(38)
High School History Textbooks
314(6)
A Typical High School History Textbook
320(3)
Social Studies (Civics) Textbooks Minimize the Great Gulf between Theory and Practice
323(3)
Textbooks and Indoctrination
326(2)
Textbooks and Politics
328(5)
Censorship
333(9)
Textbooks Fail to Give Students Genuine Understanding
342(1)
Postscript on College Texts
343(8)
Summary of Chapter 12
345(6)
Appendix More on Cogent Reasoning
351(9)
1 More on Cause and Effect
351(1)
2 Scientific Method
352(3)
3 Calculating Probabilities and Fair Odds
355(5)
Answers to Starred Exercise Items 360(7)
Bibliography 367(10)
Glossary 377(4)
Indexes 381

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