Preface |
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ix | |
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List of Symbols, Units, and Notation |
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xiii | |
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1 | (24) |
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Case Study: Restructuring and Reregulation of the U.S. Electric Utility Industry |
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2 | (3) |
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History of Electric Power Systems |
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5 | (7) |
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Present and Future Trends |
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12 | (3) |
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Electric Utility Industry Structure |
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15 | (1) |
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Computers in Power System Engineering |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (8) |
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25 | (46) |
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Case Study: Restructuring the Thin-Stretched Grid |
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26 | (8) |
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34 | (2) |
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Instantaneous Power in Single-Phase ac Circuits |
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36 | (5) |
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41 | (5) |
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46 | (3) |
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Balanced Three-Phase Circuits |
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49 | (8) |
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Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits |
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57 | (4) |
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Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase versus Single-Phase Systems |
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61 | (10) |
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71 | (59) |
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Case Study: How Electric Utilities Buy Quality When They Buy Transformers |
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72 | (4) |
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76 | (6) |
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Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers |
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82 | (6) |
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88 | (8) |
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Three-Phase Transformer Connections and Phase Shift |
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96 | (5) |
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Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of Balanced Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers |
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101 | (5) |
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Three-Winding Transformers |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (2) |
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Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios |
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111 | (19) |
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Transmission-Line Parameters |
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130 | (69) |
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Case Study: Special Report---Transmission Structures |
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131 | (14) |
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Transmission Line Design Considerations |
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145 | (6) |
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151 | (3) |
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154 | (1) |
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Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor |
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154 | (5) |
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Inductance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing |
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159 | (3) |
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Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors |
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162 | (8) |
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Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return |
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170 | (5) |
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Electric Field and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor |
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175 | (3) |
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Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing |
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178 | (2) |
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Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors |
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180 | (4) |
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Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return |
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184 | (5) |
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Electric Field Strength at Conductor Surfaces and at Ground Level |
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189 | (3) |
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Parallel Circuit Three-Phase Lines |
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192 | (7) |
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Transmission Lines: Steady-State Operation |
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199 | (51) |
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Case Study: FACTS Technology Development: An Update |
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200 | (8) |
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Medium and Short Line Approximations |
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208 | (7) |
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Transmission-Line Differential Equations |
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215 | (6) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (9) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (5) |
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Reactive Compensation Techniques |
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239 | (11) |
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250 | (69) |
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Case Study: Visualizing the Electric Grid |
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251 | (10) |
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Direct Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Gauss Elimination |
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261 | (4) |
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Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Jacobi and Gauss--Seidel |
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265 | (6) |
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Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Newton--Raphson |
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271 | (4) |
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275 | (6) |
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281 | (3) |
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284 | (8) |
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292 | (4) |
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296 | (3) |
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Fast Decoupled Power Flow |
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299 | (20) |
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307 | (12) |
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319 | (37) |
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Case Study: The Problem of Arcing Faults in Low-Voltage Power Distribution Systems |
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320 | (2) |
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Series R-L Circuit Transients |
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322 | (3) |
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Three-Phase Short Circuit---Unloaded Synchronous Machine |
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325 | (3) |
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Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits |
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328 | (4) |
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332 | (8) |
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Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection |
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340 | (16) |
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Design Project 4 (continued) |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (40) |
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Definition of Symmetrical Components |
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357 | (5) |
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Sequence Networks of Impedance Loads |
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362 | (8) |
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Sequence Networks of Series Impedances |
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370 | (2) |
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Sequence Networks of Three-Phase Lines |
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372 | (2) |
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Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines |
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374 | (6) |
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Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers |
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380 | (5) |
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Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformers |
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385 | (3) |
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Power in Sequence Networks |
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388 | (8) |
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396 | (42) |
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Case Study: Fires at U.S. Utilities |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (5) |
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Single Line-to-Ground Fault |
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403 | (5) |
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408 | (2) |
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Double Line-to-Ground Fault |
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410 | (7) |
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Sequence Bus Impedance Matrices |
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417 | (21) |
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Design Project 4 (continued) |
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435 | (1) |
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436 | (2) |
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438 | (66) |
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Case Study: Digital Relay Reports Verify Power System Models |
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439 | (10) |
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System Protection Components |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (7) |
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457 | (4) |
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461 | (5) |
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466 | (3) |
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469 | (2) |
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Protection of Two-Source System with Directional Relays |
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471 | (1) |
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472 | (3) |
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Line Protection with Impedance (Distance) Relays |
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475 | (7) |
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482 | (2) |
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Bus Protection with Differential Relays |
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484 | (1) |
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Transformer Protection with Differential Relays |
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485 | (5) |
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490 | (1) |
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491 | (13) |
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504 | (43) |
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Case Study: Meet the Emerging Transmission Market Segments |
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507 | (9) |
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Generator-Voltage Control |
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516 | (1) |
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517 | (4) |
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521 | (4) |
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525 | (13) |
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538 | (9) |
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Transmission Lines: Transient Operation |
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547 | (61) |
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Case Study: Protecting Computer Systems Against Power Transients |
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548 | (7) |
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Case Study: VariSTAR® Type AZE Surge Arresters |
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555 | (3) |
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Traveling Waves on Single-Phase Lossless Lines |
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558 | (3) |
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Boundary Conditions for Single-Phase Lossless Lines |
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561 | (9) |
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570 | (5) |
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Discrete-Time Models of Single-Phase Lossless Lines and Lumped RLC Elements |
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575 | (7) |
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582 | (4) |
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586 | (3) |
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Power System Overvoltages |
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589 | (7) |
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596 | (12) |
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608 | (36) |
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Case Study: The Great Blackout |
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610 | (3) |
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613 | (6) |
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Simplified Synchronous Machine Model and System Equivalents |
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619 | (2) |
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621 | (7) |
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Numerical Integration of the Swing Equation |
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628 | (5) |
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633 | (5) |
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Design Methods for Improving Transient Stability |
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638 | (6) |
Appendix |
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644 | (4) |
Index |
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648 | |